Grammar:      inserted  images

update:  10.4.02             phonetic picture writing

The words "Lastimage" and "Nextimage"

View the following image: 

   ai      kejo      fo
there   table    dish
              
"On  the  table  there's  a  dish."

So far no problem.   But how can we show, that on the table there are a dish, a wine-glass and a bottle side by side ?
Very simple:   We define the word uje "Nextimage".   It means "the image following the current image (= sentence)" and is used to insert this next image symbolically into the current image.   Now we can show the described fact by 2 images: 






                  ai     kejo          uje                 ai       fo     i     olilifo        i   omimikineje
                there  table  nextimage         there  dish  > wine-glass  >    bottle
                                                               ( replace sign  >  by  "on the right of it" )

               "On  the  table  there's  following:              a  dish  (without  base),
                a   wine-glass   (with  stem)   and   a  bottle  (with  screw  cap)."

To be able to choose the order of images in a text, we also define the word eju "Lastimage", which symbolizes the previous image (= sentence). Now we could rearrange the 2 sentences (but the order of sentences shown above, from general to detail, mostly is easier to understand): 






                 ai       fo      i      olilifo       i  omimikineje            ai      kejo        eju
               there  dish  > wine-glass  >     bottle                 there   table   lastimage


                "There  are  a  dish  (without  base),   a  wine-glass  (with  stem)
                and  a  bottle  (with  screw  cap).     That  all   is  on  the  table."

The words eju "Lastimage" and uje "Nextimage" are designed so that they point to the left resp. to the right, to the previous resp. the next sentence. (If you read them from bottom to top; they also resemble a horizontal forefinger with bended finger under it.) They look like an indistinct image, made very smaller, consisting of some words.
Both words contain the letter u, which does not exist in the (too poor) simplest alphabet with 12 letters, but in the enlarged alphabet (see e.g. program 'exercise words'). In the simplest phonetic picture-writing one could use the words se and eti (small triangles with tip above / below), but these don't fit so well in most pictures like eju and uje.



Cascading:   The words "Lastimage" and "Nextimage" cause (in mind) a cascading of images. This cascading may occur more than once. Example: We add another picture to the pre-previous example:


"There table nextimage. There bottle (with screw cap), on the right wine-glass (with stem), on the right dish nextimage. There fungus, on the right ear, on the right pear."

Hier you have to imagine on the table (in 1. image) the whole 2. image (bottle, glas, dish), on resp. in the dish (in 2. image) the whole 3. image (fungus, ear, pear).
Maybe the reader noticed, that we changed the second image slightly (in comparison to the example more above): The dish (now with the ideogram "Nextimage" over it) is at the end of the image. For it's less confusing, if "Nextimage" is close to the end of a sentence, because then it's close to the following sentence, which it represents: Then the hearer has not to bring together in his mind things, which are far apart in speach, has to buffer them in his memory for shorter time. (For the reader, the problem is smaller, he sees things parallel before him). But on principle, the word "Nextimage" may occur at any position of a sentence, where it makes sense.



Multiple use in a sentence:   "Lastimage" and "Nextimage" may occur in the same sentence (= scene, image). Example:




In this comic consisting of 3 images the 1. image (grass, fungus, grass) means "There is a fungus in the grass". When reading the 2. image (lastimage, house-with-steep-roof, nextimage, seesaw, broadleaf-tree-with-leaves space shining sun) one recognizes, that this is the main image (so to speak the main clause) to which the 1. and 3. images are subordinated (so to speak as subordinated clauses). That means, the 1. image, "fungus in grass" is to replace "lastimage" in the 2. image. Also the 3. image "child and ball a little away from an adolescent", is to replace "nextimage" (between house and seesaw) in the 2. image.

The word "nextimage" may occur more than once in the same sentence. Then the 1. "nextimage" symbolizes the 1. following image, the 2. "nextimage" symbolizes the 2. following image, etc.   Example: We rearrange the above comic: The "main clause" now comes first: It contains 2 ideograms "nextimage", which are to replaced (in mind) by the 2 following sentences. The meaning of the comic did not change at all, but the order of the 3 images now does not more represent the grouping of 2 scenes around the house.




It was possible to make a single image out of this comic (by substituting the real images for the 2 words "nextimage" ). But this image would look bad: it was too big and complex, and the proportions were distorted: E.g. the child was as big as the house.


Also in spoken language, it's possible to use "nextimage" to improve proportions: Use only things in the same sentence, which in reality have (very roughly) the same size. Thereby it's not necessary to know the exact size of their ideograms: Simply assume, that all ideograms had the same size. To work more exactly, one may estimate the length of an ideogram: its optical length is about proportional to its acoustical length. 







Brief:   purpose of inserting images



One uses "Lastimage" and "Nextimage":


 - Optically:    To let images have better proportions
 - Spatially:    To show some things side by side
                         in the same column 
 - Logically:    To subdivide logical facts and
                         mathematical formulas and thus
                         to avoid cascading brackets

Generally, one uses "Lastimage" and "Nextimage" to split up a complex image / fact into some simple images / facts, which are easier to understand.




Brief:   rules for inserting images

Rule 1:     Word Definition:

The Word "Nextimage" symbolizes the whole image (= sentence), which follows the current image. Conversely, the next image is an enlarged cut of the current image. (All rules are valid accordingly for the word "Lastimage".)

Rule 2:     Placement:  

The word "Nextimage" may occur at any position of an image. (Especially for hearers it is advantagous, if it's at or close to the end of an image.) The following image is to insert (in mind) instead of the word "Nextimage".

Rule 3:     Cascading (serial application)

The word "Nextimage" may be used in some images (= sentences) following each other. Each image then is a "zoom", an enlargement of a part of the previous image.

Rule 4:     Multiple use in same image (parallel application)

If "Nextimage" occurs more than once in the same sentence (with other words between or not), then the 1. "Nextimage" symbolizes the 1. following image, the 2. "Nextimage" symbolizes the 2. following image, and so on.
Instead of some words "Nextimage" directly following each other one may use "Nextimage" + a quantity word:   so instead of "Nextimage Nextimage" one may use "Nextimage two"; correspondingly "Nextimage three" is defined.
Example:   "There table nextimage two. There fork beside plate beside knife. There glass beside bottle. There vase flower. There man." The meaning of this sequence of sentences is clearly defined: On the table are fork, plate, knife, also glass and bottle. The vase and the man are somewhere, maybe beside it.
But if, in the example above, "two" is replaced by "some", it is not clear, if also the vase with flower or even the man are meant to stand on the table (the man one rather doesn't suppose to be there). So: Indistinct quantity-specifiers are problematic (but sometimes hardly to avoid), because the hearer / reader has to guess, how many of the following images are meant. To give a hint, one might insert, after the last meant image, an image containing only the word "space".

If "Nextimage" occurs more than once in a sentence, the following hinted images, besides the last one, may not contain "Nextimage".


"Lastimage" and "Nextimage" may occur in the same sentence.

A sentence containing "Nextimage", followed by a sentence containing "Lastimage", is a bad construction, except in recursive formulas / algorithms.

The word "Nextimage" is very useful.   But normally it should be used only once in an image, then it's easy to understand.



The use of the mechanisms described here is free